Mongolia - Country information


		Mongolia	Population Government Economy Geography Communication Transportation

Population		Top of page

Inhabitants		Life expectancy
2,951,786 (July 2007 est.)		total population: 66.99 years male: 64.61 years female: 69.48 years (2007 est.)

Ethnic groups		Religions
Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)		Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004)

Languages		Literacy
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)		definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.8% male: 98% female: 97.5% (2002)

Government		Top of page

Government type		Capital
mixed parliamentary/presidential		Ulaanbaatar

Independance		National day
11 July 1921 (from China)		Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)

Constitution		Legal system
12 February 1992		blend of Soviet, German, and US systems that combine "continental" or "civil" code and case-precedent; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Economy		Top of page

GDP (purchasing power parity)		Growth rate
$1.54 billion (2006 est.)		7.5% according to official estimate (2006 est.)

GDP per inhabitant		Unemployment rate
$2,000 (2006 est.)		3.3% (2005)

Population below poverty line		Inflation rate
36.1% (2004)		9.5% (2005 est.)

Exports		Imports
$1.064 billion f.o.b. (2005)		$1.184 billion c.i.f. (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold		Currency
		togrog/tugrik (MNT)

Military expenditures
1.4% (2006)

Geography		Top of page

Location		Area
Northern Asia, between China and Russia

Climate		Natural resources
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)		oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron

Le Monde en Fiches