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Index WorldCountry page : SyriaPage in french
  Flag : SyriaSyriaPopulation Population
Government Government
Economy Economy
Geography Geography
Communication Communication
Transportation Transportation


Syria - Middle East



Population  PopulationTop of page
InhabitantsLife expectancy
19,314,747
total population: 70.61 years
male: 69.27 years
female: 72.02 years (2007 est.)
Ethnic groupsReligions
Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%Sunni Muslim 74%, other Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%, Christian (various denominations) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)
LanguagesLiteracy
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understooddefinition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 76.9%
male: 89.7%
female: 64% (2003 est.)


Government  GovernmentTop of page
Government typeCapital
republic under an authoritarian military-dominated regime Damascus
IndependanceNational day
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)Independence Day, 17 April (1946)
ConstitutionLegal system
13 March 1973based on a combination of French and Ottoman civil law; religious law is used in the family court system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction


Economy  EconomyTop of page
GDP (purchasing power parity)Growth rate
$24.26 billion (2006 est.)2.9% (2006 est.)
GDP per inhabitantUnemployment rate
$4,000 (2006 est.)12.5% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty lineInflation rate
11.9% (2006 est.)8% (2006 est.)
ExportsImports
$6.923 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)$6.634 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and goldCurrency
$5.5 billion (2006 est.)Syrian pound (SYP)
Military expenditures
5.9% (2005 est.)


Geography  GeographyTop of page
LocationArea
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey 185,180 sq km
ClimateNatural resources
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascuspetroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower


Communication  CommunicationTop of page
CellularsInternet code
3.128 million (2005).sy
Internet hostsInternet users
66 (2006)1.1 million (2005)


Transportation  TransportationTop of page
AirportsRailways (in km)
92 (2006)2,711 km
Roadways (in km)Pipelines (in km)
94,890 km gas 2,764 km; oil 2,000 km (2006)