Turkey
 | Turkey |  Population Government Economy Geography Communication Transportation | |
 Population | Top of page | |
| Inhabitants | Life expectancy | |
| 71,158,647 (July 2007 est.) | total population: 72.88 years
male: 70.43 years female: 75.46 years (2007 est.) | |
| Ethnic groups | Religions | |
| Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated) | Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews) | |
| Languages | Literacy | |
| Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 86.5% male: 94.3% female: 78.7% (2003 est.) | |
 Government | Top of page | |
| Government type | Capital | |
| republican parliamentary democracy | Ankara | |
| Independance | National day | |
| 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire) | Republic Day, 29 October (1923) | |
| Constitution | Legal system | |
| 7 November 1982 | civil law system derived from various European continental legal systems; note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), although Turkey claims limited derogations on the ratified European Convention on Human Rights | |
 Economy | Top of page | |
| GDP (purchasing power parity) | Growth rate | |
| $358.2 billion (2006 est.) | 5.2% (2006 est.) | |
| GDP per inhabitant | Unemployment rate | |
| $8,900 (2006 est.) | 10.2% plus underemployment of 4% (2006 est.) | |
| Population below poverty line | Inflation rate | |
| 20% (2002) | 9.8% (2006 est.) | |
| Exports | Imports | |
| $85.21 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) | $120.9 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) | |
| Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | Currency | |
| $53.42 billion (2006 est.) | Turkish lira (TRY); old Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January 2005 | |
| Military expenditures | ||
| 5.3% (2005 est.) | ||
 Geography | Top of page | |
| Location | Area | |
| Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria | 780,580 sq km | |
| Climate | Natural resources | |
| temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior | coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower | |
 Communication | Top of page | |
| Cellulars | Internet code | |
| 43.609 million (2005) | .tr | |
| Internet hosts | Internet users | |
| 1.313 million (2006) | 16 million (2005) | |
 Transportation | Top of page | |
| Airports | Railways (in km) | |
| 117 (2006) | 8,697 km | |
| Roadways (in km) | Pipelines (in km) | |
| 426,906 km | gas 4,621 km; oil 3,543 km (2006) | |
